Word: methods
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...cash and knowledge, who evade regulation and supervision to open one Pandora's Box after another, always with fatal consequences. In his world-view the raw chaos and complexity of nature always lead to unforeseen consequences. "Science is a kind of glorified tailoring enterprise," Crichton wrote in Travels, "a method for taking measurements that describe something - reality - that may not be understood...
...applying the case method, long associated with business school instruction, to public health, Bloom and his faculty hoped to foster a culture that emphasized interactive problem solving over rote memorization...
...cast votes. (The dreaded black ball indicated a "No" vote in ancient Greece). Early American ballots, on the other hand, mostly came in the form of one's voice. Men simply shouted their choice in public, a process known as vica voce. Though it alleviated concerns of illiteracy, the method encouraged intimidation and fraud. One of the most common forms of manipulation involved plying voters with free booze. Even Thomas Jefferson let his campaign dispense liquor on Election Day, explaining that rum, wine, brandy and beer merely rewarded the "People" (read: white, property-owning males) for their time and patience...
...that had adopted the device since its mass production in 1892 had returned them by 1929, calling them too complicated, too expensive and too difficult to keep in working order. In the early 1960s, University of California at Berkley professor Joseph Harris suggested applying to ballots the punch-card method used by early computers - setting the stage for the hanging chad controversy of the 2000 elections. The '60s also saw the introduction of the optical-scan ballot, which borrowed IBM technology traditionally used to score standardized tests like...
...delay making a decision when "the consequences [of that decision] could be severely negative for either side of a choice." A textbook example: Do you choose death by fire or death by hanging? Most humans will delay that choice as long as possible, because we're not sure which method will be more excruciating...