Word: methyl
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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Most of the errors in reprogramming, scientists say, can be traced to a process known as DNA methylation. During normal development, molecules called methyl groups attach themselves to DNA in precisely timed patterns that regulate which genes are expressed at which times. During cloning, however, those patterns are not always reconstructed in exactly the same way. It's a bit like taking all the words in a novel, jumbling them up and then trying to re-create the original book, putting sentences, pages and chapters back in the right order. The chances of that happening with 100% accuracy are minuscule...
...tissue cell, but how they do so is not clear and is essential if treatments are to be developed from research. This process of activating master regulatory genes is facilitated by chromatin, a histone protein structure that contains a cell’s DNA. If there is a methyl group anchored in a certain place on one histone protein, the gene nearby is activated (known as the K4 state). Conversely, if the methyl group attaches itself to another part of the protein, the gene is deactivated (known as the K27 state). The study of mouse ES cells, published...
...poor on both sides are united by a struggle just to survive what most Americans can barely imagine. Mothers in the rural El Paso outpost of Revolucion cross into Juarez to buy methyl parathion, a pesticide so lethal it is banned in the U.S. They sprinkle it around their shanties, and it kills the roaches and tarantulas for a year. But their children play in the dust and dirt, and when they get sick, their parents take them to Juarez doctors, who are cheaper and stay open into the night. If the children die, they are buried across the border...
Union Carbide's Institute facility, one of many plants that dot West Virginia's "Chemical Valley," has been a source of public concern for almost a year. Its output includes methyl isocyanate (MIC), the gas that killed 2,500 people and injured 200,000 when it leaked from a Union Carbide unit in Bhopal, India, last December. After that horror, the manufacturer shut down Institute's MIC unit for five months and spent $5 million improving its safety and production equipment...
Ever since a leak of deadly methyl isocyanate at its plant in Bhopal, India, killed 2,500 people and injured more than 20,000 in December 1984, Union Carbide has been locked in one battle after another. Even as it faces up to $100 billion in lawsuits filed on behalf of the Bhopal victims, the Danbury Conn.-based firm (1984 sales: $9.5 billion) is struggling to fend off a hostile takeover by GAF (1984 sales: $731 million), a manufacturer of building and chemical products. In a defensive move, Carbide decided last week to sell its consumer businesses for some...