Word: methyl
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...Tocopherol (vitamin E) and methyl naphthoquinone (equivalent of vitamin K) complete the list of the vitamins that are available from chemical manufacture. They are still little used. The former is essential for reproduction in rats, so that it has become known as the sex vitamin, but doctors are still uncertain whether it has any such value in human beings. The latter is unique: it is not vitamin K but is equally effective in decreasing the clotting time of blood...
Closely related to it is isoprene (also called methyl butadiene). Although isoprene is the basic unit in natural rubber, it is useless by itself. But when isobutylene and isoprene are polymerized together the result is Standard Oil's butyl, tough, very elastic, now favored for inner tubes. It is to be made at a rate of 100,000 tons a year...
Solutions thus treated acquire the various characteristics of a natural blood serum which would be obtained from an animal immunized with the same antigen. The Caltech researchers have already prepared antibodies against a few simple chemical antigens (e.g., methyl blue), and are working toward more complex antigens such as snake venoms and viruses...
Natural rubber can be thought of as a long hydrocarbon chain, composed essentially of a cramped-up chain of molecules of methyl butadiene or isoprene. When the rubber is stretched this chain unfolds; when the rubber contracts, it doubles up again. So the problem of synthesizing rubbers is 1) to find basic chain-units similar to methyl butadiene, 2) to build these up into larger, stringy, stretchy molecules. Best way of classifying synthetic rubbers is by their basic materials...
...most synthetic rubbers. Butadiene molecules were first polymerized-or built up into larger molecules-with the help of metallic sodium, making a stretchy substance which its German inventors about 1927 called Buna (Bu for butadiene, Na for sodium). It was not a very satisfactory synthetic: but better than the methyl rubber (dimethyl butadiene) of World War I, when it was said German Army trucks often had to be jacked up overnight so that their solid tires would not flatten out permanently under their weight. German chemists soon discovered ways to make superior products by combining butadiene with other substances...