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COCOA PUFF Hard to believe, but cocoa--well, a defatted extract of it--may be good for the heart. In a study, rabbits were fed a cholesterol-rich diet along with 200 mg of the extract daily. After two months, the bunnies' blood vessels did a better job contracting and relaxing than the vessels of rabbits fed the same diet but deprived of the extract. Cocoa contains powerful antioxidants called flavonoids that sweep up damaging molecules in cells. The rabbit news isn't license to drown in hot chocolate. But food companies are working on cocoa-extract supplements...
...what exactly constitutes too much? The panel suggested it was safe to increase the recommended daily dose of both vitamins. It recommended 75 mg of vitamin C for women, 90 mg for men. Because smokers are more likely to deplete vitamin C, it suggested they take an additional 35 mg daily. But, it emphasized, no adult should consume more than 2,000 mg of vitamin...
...panel increased the recommended daily intake of vitamin E for both men and women to 15 mg, or 22 IU (international units), if it comes in the form of alpha-tocopherol, which is the only type human blood can store and transfer to cells. For d-alpha-tocopherol, another form of the vitamin, the daily limit is 1,000 mg, or 1,500 IU. For dl-alpha-tocopherol, a synthetic form of vitamin E, the limit is 700 mg, or 1,100 IU. As for selenium, the upper limit is 55 micrograms...
...JUST FOR DOGS Finally, a broad look at whether glucosamine and chondroitin--two wildly popular arthritis treatments first used for gimpy dogs and horses--really work on humans. Analysis of eight trials involving 1,500 people confirmed that a daily dose of 1,500 mg of glucosamine or 1,200 mg of chondroitin relieves arthritis pain more effectively than a placebo, with chondroitin edging glucosamine by a nose. Don't get too frisky, though; longer and larger studies are still needed...
ANDRO STRIKES OUT Good thing Mark McGwire stopped taking it. In doses of 300 mg daily, androstenedione, the over-the-counter supplement the slugger used during his record 70-home-run season, can raise testosterone above normal levels and increase blood levels of the female hormone estrogen. Both are potentially hazardous. In men, elevated testosterone may lower good HDL cholesterol; in women, it's linked to beard growth and male-pattern baldness; and in kids, it can cause premature puberty. And elevated estrogen? In guys, that can lead to breast enlargement...