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...their good advice, plus the urgings of the health-and-fitness movement, has, it seems, succeeded only in making us feel guiltier as we plow our way through the eggs Benedict. Although intake of animal fats has been declining, American men continue to consume an average of about 500 mg of cholesterol a day, and women 350 mg, in both cases about 60% more than the Heart Association recommends. About 40% of our daily calories are taken in as fat; this is about 30% more than Americans ate 60 years ago, and nearly three times the amount consumed...
That was the reason for the N.H.L.B.I, study. The elaborate, ten-year program recruited 3,806 men between the ages of 35 and 59, all of whom had cholesterol levels above 265 mg per deciliter of blood (the average for U.S. adults is 215 to 220). Half the men were put on daily doses of cholestyramine, an unpleasant, cholesterol-lowering drug that was mixed with orange juice and taken six times a day. One participant likened taking it to swallowing "orange-flavored sand." Among its side effects: constipation, bloating, nausea and gas. The other half received a similarly gritty placebo...
...point on which there is no argument is the importance of treating patients who, like the men in the study, have extremely high cholesterol levels. But doctors differ somewhat on when to sound the alarm. Some believe that anyone with a reading over 200 mg should cut back on fat and cholesterol: that would include more than half the U.S. population. A less extreme view is that only people with levels above 240 mg should receive serious attention. Says Rifkind: "People in this group represent only 20% of the population, but they suffer 40% of the heart attacks...
...study, which was conducted at twelve medical centers across the U.S., were between the ages of 35 and 59. None had overt signs of heart disease when they were recruited, but all had abnormally high cholesterol levels of 265 mg per deciliter of blood and above. All the participants were put on a low-cholesterol diet limiting intake of fatty meat, eggs and dairy products. Half were also treated with cholestyramine, a powerful drug that lowers cholesterol; the others received a placebo...
Students are taught to test their blood four or five times a day. Their goal: to remain within the "gray zone," the normal range of readings between 50 and 150 mg of glucose per 0.1 liter of blood. The adjustment is uncomfortable for those whose bodies are used to higher sugar levels. "I usually feel more energetic at around 200," says Angela, 28, but she is happy to make the change because studies show that this discipline will improve her chances of having a normal child...