Word: microarrays
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...droplet to a nearby sheet of nylon, moistens a designated spot and pivots back to the glass plates to find the next sample on its list. When Zeus is done, the nylon sheet will be spotted with a grid of about 1,000 droplets, forming what researchers call a microarray. Once the machine has created a few dozen of these arrays, they will be rolled up, inserted into glass tubes and doused with radioactive dye and genetic material from a range of human tissue types--from normal, healthy cells to diseased cells representing breast, prostate, lung or colon cancer. Emerging...
Then they used Zeus to set up microarray analyses and winnowed the 10,000 down to one promising protein they call ACE-2. Testing the enzyme on tissue cells from different organs in the body, the scientists showed that whereas the original ACE acts broadly on many tissues in the body, ACE-2 is particularly active in heart and kidney cells, where it might be more effective in controlling high blood pressure. Because they already knew on the molecular level exactly how ace worked, Tepper's team also knew precisely which lab tests would determine whether...
Nowhere has Silicon Valley had a more direct impact on biology than in the invention of the miniature laboratory bench known as the DNA microarray. Microarrays detect active genes by exploiting the fact that when the two strands of a gene in the double-stranded DNA molecule are separated, each can readily pick its partner out of a crowd of similar molecules. In a typical microarray, thousands of single-stranded gene fragments are fastened to a platform--usually a silicon or glass wafer but sometimes a nylon sheet. The finished assemblage can be as small as a postage stamp...
They went to Gene Logic because the company is one of a handful, along with California's Affymetrix and Incyte, that have developed DNA-chip and microarray technology--in this case, chips that can monitor some 42,000 genes in one shot--and software to analyze the results. Using these powerful tools, Gene Logic scientists tested the patient's cells alongside others from both healthy and sick people. In a few days, they completed the analysis...