Word: microchips
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...microchip industry worldwide is mired in a slump, with prices falling and many factories closing. But Chang, chairman of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., posted third-quarter earnings that were better than expected. He believes the rebound has begun, and he announced a $20 billion expansion. Chang, 70, an avid contract-bridge player educated at Stanford and MIT, founded TSMC in 1987 and has made it the industry leader...
...life. According to the San Jose Mercury News, Larry Ellison, zillionaire CEO of software titan Oracle, met with Attorney General Ashcroft last week to drum up support for his scheme: all immigrants and consenting U.S. citizens would be issued a "smart card"--like a credit card with a microchip--linked to federal records of their vital statistics, including their thumbprint...
Such pioneering purchases are a traditional way by which governments encourage new technologies. The now ubiquitous microchip is perhaps the best example. At first the U.S. military was the only market for the early integrated circuits, but by selling to it in bulk, companies learned how to make chips better and cheaper. Between 1962 and 1968, says Dennis Hayes, president of Seattle's Bullitt Foundation, the price of these components dropped 95% as their capabilities expanded, eventually making integrated circuits viable for commercial applications such as personal computers...
According to Lieber, using the bottom-up approach to make logical devices involves steps where the parts of a microchip are first fabricated and then arranged to form complex logical devices...
Making the basic units of a microchip in nanoscale is challenging in itself. The Lieber group has used nanowires made of silicon with added chemical impurities that allow the material to conduct some electricity...