Word: mid-1980s
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...N.P.A. boasted 12,000 armed regulars in the mid-1980s, when many saw it as the only force capable of challenging dictator Ferdinand Marcos. But its Maoist leaders were snubbed even by Mao Zedong himself: in 1974, to undercut support for the N.P.A., Marcos dispatched his wife Imelda to Beijing, where she supposedly swept Mao off his feet. ("I like Mrs. Marcos because she is so natural, and that is perfection," he gushed.) After People Power ousted Marcos in 1986, the N.P.A.'s declining popularity was devastated by internal purges in which hundreds of people were tortured and executed...
What Sirois and his postgraduate assistant Iain Jackson are challenging is the interpretation of a variety of classic experiments begun in the mid-1980s in which babies were shown physical events that appeared to violate such basic concepts as gravity, solidity and contiguity. In one such experiment, by University of Illinois psychologist Renée Baillargeon, a hinged wooden panel appeared to pass right through a box. Baillargeon and M.I.T.'s Elizabeth Spelke found that babies as young as 31/2 months would reliably look longer at the impossible event than at the normal one. Their conclusion: babies have enough built...
...decisions were made on the grounds that Harvard should not be supporting companies with proven complicity in a situation that the U.S. government has determined to be genocide—in other words, companies that meet the "worst offending" criteria. Furthermore, there is precedent for this approach. During the mid-1980s, Harvard started screening the "worst-offending" companies operating in South Africa under apartheid...
...notwithstanding the MEK's checkered history. The group was founded in 1965 as a leftist-religious faction opposing the Shah's regime. But it was no less opposed to the Islamist regime that arrived with Ayatollah Khomeini in 1979, which executed thousands of the group's supporters. By the mid-1980s, the group had cozied up to Saddam Hussein, who provided them with funds and a compound, Camp Ashraf, north of Baghdad. The U.S. government has accused the group of helping Saddam brutally put down a Kurdish rebellion in the early 1990s, and of launching numerous attacks inside Iran...
...mid-1980s, says Mootha, the mitochondrial genome--with only about 16,000 genetic "letters," compared with 3 billion in the nuclear genome--had been sequenced. That let researchers link specific, rare disorders to specific mitochondrial mutations, always passed from mother to child. But by the time the Human Genome Project was completed in 2000, it was clear that mutations in the nucleus could cause problems in the mitochondria as well. "We now estimate," says Mootha, "that while mitochondrial DNA encodes just 13 proteins, another 1,500 or so proteins used by mitochondria are encoded by the nucleus...