Word: middlemen
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...Reagan Administration's new 100% tariffs were levied on some Japanese color TVs, personal computers and power tools. Although the sanctions will affect only a tiny fraction of overall bilateral trade, they will hurt some Japanese manufacturers. But for the middlemen peddling Japanese microchips to foreign buyers, business will probably go on as usual. Already some American enterprises dependent upon inexpensive Japanese chips are busy looking for legal loopholes to exempt them from the U.S.-Japanese semiconductor agreement signed last year. In the meantime, tensions show no sign of abating. When Yasu calls on his friend...
...under government control, but by independent businessmen. Officials claim to be doing everything they can to stop that, as promised. Not good enough, retorts Commerce Secretary Malcolm Baldrige: "If the manufacturers try to get out of their obligation not to dump in third-country markets by using middlemen, that is a deliberate action. It is the government's responsibility...
...almost as soon as the agreement was signed, the U.S. began charging that it was being violated. The main culprits, in Washington's view, were Japanese manufacturers who continued to dump semiconductors, either directly or through middlemen, in such Asian markets as Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore. Washington was as sure of that activity "as I'm sitting here," declares Commerce Secretary Malcolm Baldrige. In January the Reagan Administration privately warned Japan that some kind of retaliation was likely unless the practice stopped. Washington finally conducted an investigation and satisfied itself that dumping had taken place. The Administration's preliminary...
...Meanwhile, slower sales abroad created a chip glut in Japan, driving Far East prices as much as 50% below the agreed-upon "fair market" values. Result: a boom in illicit roundabout sales. Large numbers of low-priced Japanese chips turned up in Hong Kong, South Korea and Taiwan, and middlemen, known as the suitcase brigade, secretly ferried them...
...question anybody about anything, the three members took it on themselves to conduct the most sweeping investigation yet of the whole affair. They have questioned 58 witnesses, including several no other body had heard from -- Reagan, for one, as well as Manucher Ghorbanifar and Adnan Khashoggi, the two leading middlemen in the Iranian deals. The commission has prepared its own chronology of the deals, a 200-page analysis that is by far the most comprehensive yet put together...