Word: migrant
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...migrant to the city is lucky enough to get a factory job, he is likely to find factory discipline Irksome and pointless.... Away from work he is more often than not herded into a wretched slum and exploited by the large, permanent underworld of beggars, vagrants, refugees, petty criminals and the like who manage some-how to survive on the fringe economies of the cities of the underdeveloped world...
...half for overtime in a work-week gradually scaled down from 44 to 40 hours. The law covered only workers in major industries engaged in interstate commerce - it was mainly aimed at the plight of poorly paid textile workers in the South, did nothing for housemaids or migrant farm workers. Congress raised the minimum to 75? in 1949, to $1 in 1955. This week Congress will try to resolve the wide differences between John Kennedy's bill, passed last week by the Senate, and a less generous House bill passed in June...
When Labor Secretary James Mitchell describes the lives of migrant farm workers, his mildest phrase is "national disgrace." Following the crops northward in three circuits, from Florida to New York, Texas through the Midwest, and California to Washington, migrants are the unskilled outcasts of a skilled economy. Some 500,000 migrants have no chance to vote, no effective union, no minimum wage protection, no unemployment insurance. In 1958 they averaged $961 a year. The victims of this disgrace-affecting 45 states-are children...
...black-skinned or Spanish-speaking migrant child lives in a world so alien to U.S. culture that missionaries enter mi grant camps to harden themselves for Asia and Africa. The child is a full-fledged field hand at nine-often at six. When he invades a new area, crowded schools wink at attendance laws. Falling behind, he quits school by the fourth grade. He is the nation's greatest single source of illiteracy, and by that handicap, condemned to repeat the hopeless life of his parents. He desperately needs education-and a sense of worth...
Birds v. Beans. But Colorado is still educating only 800 of the state's 6,000 migrant children. Other states are beefing up attendance laws, designing interstate report cards, training teachers to accompany migrants. But coordination is scarce and money is scarcer. In New Jersey last week, state officials announced that an effort to get local support for summer schools was a complete failure. Typical local reaction: "If you make it too good for migrants, they'll stay...