Word: migrant
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...rural parts of the U.S., where building codes, union labor and obstructive bureaucrats are scarce, imaginative architects and builders have lately achieved some triumphs. To replace the reeking hovels inhabited by California migrant farm workers, Berkeley Architects Sanford Hirshen and Sim Van der Ryn designed $1,200 shelters of paper and plastic foam that fold up like accordions. So far, 20 communities of these and similar quarters have been built with a combination of funds provided by localities, the Rosenberg Foundation and the Economic Opportunity Act. Kingsberry Homes, a division of Idaho-based Boise Cascade Corp., sells $4,750 prefab...
Munoz claims that the success of the Farm Workers' Union in resisting the growers' attempts first to ignore it, and then to destroy it has enormously boosted the confidence of Mexican-American migrant workers. "In the old days," Munoz relates, "the boss told us we were cows and we just smiled and said nothing. They can't get away with that...
...many of the strikers, the union represents the first chance to establish a settled, reasonably stable community. Like a number of California's two million Mexican-Americans, Munoz was born in Mexico, but came to this country when he was thirteen to join the stream of migrant fruit and cotton harvesters. Whether migrating, or working at seasonal labor in the Delano area, he had no job security, no defense against the high risk of injury in the fields. One of the union's first moves was to write a life insurance policy for every member, and each union contract signed...
...camper trucks, one containing 15 wetbacks, the other 17. All but a handful of the illegal immigrants are simply sent back across the border, but many return. They have become a special curse to the A.F.L.C.I.O. United Farm Workers Organizing Committee, which is waging an uphill struggle to organize migrant laborers. Illegal workers, the union charges, have been hired by union-hating farmers to break strikes. About 2,200 wetbacks have been arrested in the past six months in California's Kern County, the scene of a bitter strike against growers of table grapes organized by Cesar Chavez, leader...
...Though he needed Negro support, he refused to make any special pleas, noting airily that "when the Negroes know my record, they'll come along." They never did. He yearned for the support of César Chávez, a Bobby Kennedy supporter and leader of California migrant workers who has become a virtual messiah to thousands of Mexican Americans. The Senator did in fact have long talks with Chávez. But he could not bring himself to ask for the labor leader's help. He only observed mildly that "we hope you will be with...