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...region just southeast of Harrisburg, the Pennsylvania capital, looks no different than it did a year ago. The four huge cooling towers that mark the location of Metropolitan Edison's Three Mile Island nuclear plant still loom 372 ft. above the surface of the Susquehanna and catch the eye of every motorist topping the hill at Swatara and heading south on Route 283. The fields surrounding the neat farmhouses on either side of the road are as brown as they always are in March and covered with a stubble that suggests a two-day growth of beard. Middletown...
With nothing more lasting than a sort of perverse pride, Middletown survives the floods that have sent the Susquehanna into more than a few local living rooms. But a year after the nuclear plant accident that transformed Three Mile Island's cooling towers from local landmarks into symbols of the atomic age's worst nightmare, Middletown carries its scars. "You don't go through what we did and emerge unscathed," said Mrs. Joan Metz, 33, who lives seven miles from T.M.I. "The kids didn't understand what was happening...
Even the strongest advocates of nuclear power have warned for years that it would take only one accident to cripple the U.S. atomic energy program. Just hours after that pump failed at Three Mile Island, the chief environmentalist for a New England utility predicted: "This is the end of nuclear power. From now on in, it's going to be coal city...
...fight actually began well before Three Mile Island. The nuclear power industry, like utilities generally, was hurt by a slowing expansion in the demand for electricity as the population growth rate stabilized. Perhaps more important, the cost of building nuclear reactors has more than doubled, partly because of inflation, partly because of tighter Government regulations. Safety and environmental concerns, meanwhile, stretched the average time required to build a nuclear plant from about seven years in 1970 to twelve years today...
...industry, has built 25 of the 72 nuclear plants licensed to operate in the country and has orders dating back a decade for 69 reactors, 24 of them to be built abroad. But other U.S. reactor manufacturers are faring badly. Babcock & Wilcox, which constructed the two reactors at Three Mile Island, along with seven others in the U.S., has no new orders. General Electric has received no orders since...