Word: militiaization
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...stake is the control of disputed territories. Kurds say they are reclaiming areas like the oil-rich city of Kirkuk that was theirs until Saddam Hussein forcibly removed them from it. Arabs say the land wasn't Kurdish to begin with. In the meantime, Kurdish peshmerga militia forces, which operate independently of Baghdad and answer to Kurdistan's regional government, have steadily pushed south of their United Nations-delineated border into contested zones...
...they were worried about - Sunni Nationalists, members of the former regime, officers in the Iraqi Army - also told me that they and the Peshmerga are unified. "We are one army," Col. Ali of east Mosul's 1st Brigade told me. "But," he added, in contradiction, "the Pesh is a militia...
...bigger goal than pursuing Islamic extremism for its own sake. He has consistently sought alliances with other non-Islamist leaders. A former teacher, he helped found the ICU to try to restore law and order after one of his students was kidnapped by one of Somalia's marauding militia. And he has broken with al Shabaab, formerly the militant wing of the ICU and the main Islamist force in Somalia. That last prompted more extreme ICU leaders, such as Sheikh Hassan Dahir Aweys, to denounce him - a condemnation seemingly endorsed by bin Laden's on Thursday. (See pictures...
...undermined by several enduring controversies. Supporters say lasting peace demands justice. They point to the arrest and conviction of Sierra Leone's warlords in a joint UN-Sierra Leonean process, which has not restarted that nation's conflict. Opponents, for their part, cite the 2005 indictment of Ugandan militia leader Joseph Kony, which led him to spurn talks...
...joint U.N.-Sierra Leonean process - which has not restarted that war, as some had feared it would. Sierra Leone "indicates how important it is to have justice if you are going to have peace," the prosecutor of the Special Court for Sierra Leone told TIME when the last three militia leaders were convicted last week. But opponents argue that peace often requires amnesty more than it does justice and point to how the 2005 indictment of Ugandan militia leader Joseph Kony led him to spurn peace talks. That militia, the Lord's Resistance Army, has now expanded into new areas...