Word: militiaization
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...subsidiary of the Chinese National Petroleum Corporation, in early 2005, after mounting pressure from students, faculty, and alumni. But the University has maintained shares in other businesses with ties to the Sudanese government, including the oil companies Sinopec and Royal Dutch Shell. The Khartoum government has helped fund militia groups responsible for over 200,000 deaths in Sudan over the past three years, according to the U.S. government. Last week, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice labeled the atrocities a “genocide.” Rebecca J. Hamilton, director of the Political Advocacy Committee of Harvard?...
Sunnis and Shi'ites may find themselves joining militias or supporting denomination-based political parties even if they are not particularly pious and would much prefer not to. Something similar happened in the former Yugoslavia when its government collapsed with the fall of communism and nothing replaced it. Ethnic activists--call them identity entrepreneurs--will always form the core of the new militia. These radicals will emphasize symbols, like al-Askari mosque that was blown up last week in Iraq, and hope that followers will react by strengthening their commitments to the group itself...
...remarkable achievement for a politician-cleric who has neither been elected to any office nor completed his religious education. After hearing news of the destruction of the Shi'ite shrine in Samarra, al-Sadr cut his trip short to return to Iraq to marshal his Mahdi Army, a militia of bristling young Shi'ites who had swarmed the streets, torching Sunni mosques and girding for war. But a government-imposed curfew had closed airports and sealed borders, leaving al-Sadr locked out. His mood was surly. An aide told TIME that when he tried to brief al-Sadr on talks...
...substantial extent, the prospects of averting a full-blown civil war will depend on how al-Sadr chooses to deploy his militia--as a revenge-seeking lynch mob or as enforcers of Shi'ite restraint. Because of his popularity with the Shi'ite masses, any effort to broker a cease-fire between the sects and form a durable Iraqi government that can contain the violence will require his active cooperation. It's an indication of how badly things are going for the Bush Administration that its hopes are pinned to a man implacably hostile toward the U.S.--and whose supporters...
...biggest concern for many Iraqis is al-Sadr's unwillingness to disarm the Mahdi Army militia, which has a long record of inflammatory and often criminal behavior. In areas where al-Sadr's fighters hold sway, they use brute force to impose a strict Islamic code. They are frequently accused of kidnapping and assassinating those who resist them. Many Mahdi Army fighters have been absorbed into the Iraqi security forces and police, and in the aftermath of the Samarra bombing, many police vehicles in Baghdad were openly flying Mahdi Army colors--black and green. Sunni groups say policemen did nothing...