Word: militiaization
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...bright summer day, when suddenly all of Beirut shook with the roar of bombers and the thunder of antiaircraft artillery. Small puffs of white smoke began to dot the sky as local militia groups fired in vain at the screaming jets. When the fury of the attack finally ended, two hours later, at least 200 people were dead and 600 injured, victims of the first Israeli air raid against the Lebanese capital since 1978. The target of the jets: specific Palestinian offices within the city...
...past two months Beirut has again been rocked by artillery duels between competing militia groups. The latest outburst of violence reached its climax last week on a warm Sunday afternoon when the Mediterranean was a deep, shadowy blue, with only a suggestion of surf, and the beaches were crowded. Suddenly, unaccountably, the Christians and Muslims both began to shell the area. The carnage: 20 dead and 270 wounded. How have the 1 million Beirutis been coping with the relentless destruction of their once beautiful city and the periodic slaughter of their people? Reports TIME Middle East Bureau Chief William Stewart...
...According to sources in Beirut, between 400 and 500 Libyan officers -not troops-have arrived in Lebanon over the past two weeks to act as advisers. The Libyans were sent in to instruct Pal estine Liberation Organization commandos of every group except Fatah, the largest, and some left-wing militia groups, in the use of artillery, rocket launchers and other military equipment that Libya has recently funneled through Syria. At a rally in Beirut late last week, Yasser Arafat, chairman of the P.L.O., said that since 1972 there had been Libyan troops among his guerrilla forces in the Mount Hermon...
...both the Syrian and the Israelis held their fire. Israel was reported to be massing forces along its northern border with Lebanon and even within the "Free Lebanon" enclave south of the Litani River that is under the control of Major Sa'ad Haddad, a right-wing Christian militia leader. Lebanese officials were fearful lest Israel invade the south and attempt to destroy the Palestinian bases there...
...ironic. Just as the late Shah of Iran and Somoza of Nicaragua were U.S.-created dictators, so is the Bolivian military largely a product of U.S. foreign policy in the 50s and 60s. The 1952 revolution in Bolivia shook the U.S. government because major mines were nationalized, a peoples' militia were created, and workers obtained an important role in the new government. Over the next 18 years U.S. economic aid was contingent on the rebuilding of the military, and direct military aid during that period came to $56.6 million. Even more important, between 1950 and 1975 nearly 4000 Bolivian military...