Word: mishnah
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...Temple Scroll also provides the first thorough look at the Halakhah (religious law) of the Essenes. Compared with the orthodox rabbinical thinking that was later codified in the second century Mishnah, the Qumran rules on ritual cleanliness were superstrict. Only the skins of properly slaughtered animals were to be permitted in the temple city. Blind people, as well as the ill and maimed, were barred as unclean. All sexual relations within the temple city were forbidden. One cemetery was to serve four cities since "you shall not follow the customs of the Gentiles who bury their dead everywhere...
...century. The rabbi divided this oral teaching into six main divisions called "orders," covering agriculture, festivals, marriage, civil and criminal laws, sacrifices, and ritual purification. In the 4th century, another great editor, Rav Ashi, began to compile the Gemara (study), or commentaries on the Mishnah by later rabbis. His work was completed by Jewish scholars in Persia during the 5th century and is known as the Babylonian Talmud, in contrast to the Palestinian Talmud, a similar but less authoritative Gemara done a century earlier by rabbis in Palestine. Although Jews since the 10th century have followed the Babylonian Talmud...
...ghetto-crowded Jews have been known to rip holes in their roofs, holes which they covered with corn stalks or twists of grass. On the last day of the feast, Simkhat Torah, the yearly reading of the" Law is completed. Then there is a riot of rejoicing which the Mishnah, Talmudic commentary on Mosaic Laws, reflects in the phrase: "He who has not seen the joy of the libations of Tabernacles has never in his life witnessed...