Word: modell
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...study, conducted at the University of Washington and funded by the National Institute of Mental Health, involved 48 children ages 18 to 30 months. Half were randomly assigned to receive an intensive intervention called the Early Start Denver Model, which involved 15 hours a week of one-on-one work with trained therapists and another 16 hours a week with parents, who were taught how to continue the treatment during everyday activities such as eating, bathing and getting dressed. (See "Six Tips for Traveling with an Autistic Child...
After two years, children in the Denver Model group were way ahead of the control group. Their IQ scores had jumped an average of 17.6 points, to a mean of 78.6, which is just within range of normal intelligence. Much of the gain came in their ability to understand and use language. The control group, by contrast, gained just seven points, remaining in the zone of intellectual disability. Children who received the intervention also improved dramatically in what psychologists call "adaptive behavior" - which includes such everyday behaviors and skills as getting dressed, brushing teeth and participating in family meals. Children...
...head. The Pediatrics report "brings the methodological rigor that's often been lacking," says psychologist Tony Charman, an autism researcher and professor at the Institute of Education in London, who was not involved in the study. Charman was further impressed with two features of the Early Start Denver Model: it deeply involves parents in their children's treatment - an approach "for which there is good evidence" - and it combines the two kinds of autism therapy for which there is the most research data...
Specifically, the Denver Model uses key elements of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), a rigorous system for shaping behavior by parsing desired behaviors into small, measurable - and teachable - units and using rewards to reinforce them. It also incorporates a more naturalistic, relationship-based approach that draws heavily on decades of research on normal child development. "We follow the sequence of normal development in everything we teach," explains psychologist Sally Rogers of the MIND Institute at the University of California, Davis, who developed the Denver Model while at the University of Colorado...
...inappropriate demographic to investigate massacres of minorities that took place during the 1990s. Some victims in South Africa claimed that nation's truth commission - set up to investigate massacres and disappearances of the country's majority blacks in the second half of the 20th century, and widely considered a model for future ones - was politically convenient, so former leaders who committed rights abuses would not be jailed...