Word: modelling
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...that is, this superficial cost-benefit analysis is wrong, and the grasseous benefits do outweigh the pain-in-the-asseous costs. Giving Harvard the benefit of the doubt, there must be some intangible attributes of the grass not captured in the it's-a-pain, what's-the-point model...
...lawn in the Yard is a deeply, powerfully invested symbolic vehicle of meaning. It represents Harvard's economic and cultural imperialism, its sexist and elitist tendencies and its dichotomous aspiration to identify with both the British Oxbridge educational model and the American Way of life. The small "green span" we constantly traverse wields at least as much power--albeit of a different sort--as the Fed Head himself. Who knew...
...Jeffrey Katz, a rheumatologist at Brigham & Women s Hospital, avers, "there is an emotional and psychological component to all illnesses." RSIs are no exception. Podolsky s own experience with RSI-she is slowly recovering from a case she developed last spring-has made her think beyond a merely "structural" model of pain, one that posits that "if it hurts, there must be a tear, or a break." While she is quick to point out that "the injuries are real," she believes that it is more complicated than that. "I definitely believe that a big part of it is stress-related...
...extreme skepticism by the Western medical extablishment. Especially in Boston, such dogma smacks of Mary Baker Eddy s Christian Science Movement (especially in the light of recent highly publicized cases where Christian Scientist parents let their children die for want of medical care). Up until the 1960s, the accepted model of how pain worked was the one proposed by Descartes in the 17th Century. According to Descartes, a painful sensation is strictly a physical and mechanical phenomenon, as simple as pressing a piano key and getting a tone. As a result, doctors assumed a direct correlation between tissue trauma...
...Cartesian model of pain, like the Cartesian model of consciousness, began to be seriously challenged in the 60s. In 1965, Ronald Melzack and Patrick Wall proposed the "gate-control" model of pain, which involved a gate in the spinal cord that could increase or decrease pain impulses. What was most revolutionary about the model was not the idea of the gate per se, but the contention that the gate was controlled not just by sensory impulses, but signals that came from the brain, signals, for example, like emotions. How we felt could control what we felt...