Word: modern
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...some point in history, all men belonged to tribes,*and most of them resisted efforts to integrate them into nation-states. The Scots were tribal until well into the 18th century, and the Welsh partly so. Even the modern West is not wholly free of tribalism, as witness Canada's French-speaking separatists and the bitter divisions between Walloons and Flemings in Belgium...
...these groups scattered into the polyglot tribes that fractionalize Africa today. Each went its own way. Some tribes raised empires based on hereditary rulers. In other tribal cultures, outstanding men or women and sometimes even children were elected chiefs. Many tribes shaped profound attitudes toward life that now haunt modern Africa's advancement. The Ibos developed a culture that stressed personal competition, and are thus born overachievers. In contrast, a Fang finds individual excellence so reprehensible that the talented are treated as outsiders or even outlaws. Yoruba see nothing wrong with saving money, while the Tiv see worthwhile wealth only...
...bitterness, in the seeming hopelessness of any solution short of wholesale slaughter, there is no parallel to the tragedy that has been gathering force the past 14 months in Nigeria?once Africa's brightest hope for successful nationhood. One of the opposing forces, wielding a full array of modern weapons from Britain, Russia and much of Europe, is the federal government of Nigeria. It is determined to crush a rebellion that it feels will destroy its republic. On the other side, armed chiefly with determination, stands the secessionist state of Biafra, the home of Nigeria's Ibo tribe. The Ibos...
...Modern Bush War. From the beginning, there was no question among Ibos as to who must lead them. Ojukwu, besides his gifts of intellect and training, was the federal Nigerian governor of the Eastern Region and thus held the key to all its resources. True to his profound belief in Nigerian unity, Ojukwu first argued against outright secession and urged Easterners to settle for a radical loosening of ties with the rest of Nigeria. The ruthless slaughter by the North, he pleaded, was "the final act of sacrifice that Easterners would be called upon to make in the interest...
...rifles and endless rounds of ammunition, heavy artillery, mortars, rockets, grenade launchers, antiaircraft guns, Czechoslovak Delfin jets, Russian MIGs and Ilyushin 11-28 bombers?Nigeria ordered and got them all. The result was an unhappy precedent for Africa: the Nigerian conflict became the first African bush war fought with modern weapons...