Word: modernizations
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Jersey, the case bequeaths a straightforward question that ought to be answered before the next such trial proves necessary: Are there any ethical limits on what one person may pay another to do? It is a question that rarely arises in the world of normal commerce, even in the modern service economy (of which the contract drawn between William Stern and Mary Beth Whitehead for her to bear his baby may stand as the oddest example). Problems of conscience do not crop up when you pay someone to deliver your paper or your pizza, or to answer your phone. Something...
Picture Stern at the outset of the bargain. He and his wife want a baby, and here is the clean, modern, technologically miraculous way to get one. What he does not take into account is that he is engaging someone to feel sensations on behalf of him and his wife that properly belong only to him and his wife. What seems so easy mechanically turns out to be an impossibility, yet the sanctioning by contract obfuscates the reality. Instead of a simple deal, he has swung a deal whose complications are infinite, and infinitely surprising; they are not in anyone...
...does not have to be a whiz kid to uncover secrets hidden in a computer. Many large office systems have a hierarchy of password privileges that gives supervisors access to the files of subordinates and systems operators access to everything. At the San Francisco Examiner, which like most modern newspapers is highly computerized, employees have to be reminded from time to time that "cruising the baskets" (reading the private files) of their co- workers is a serious breach of privacy...
...Government might do, American semiconductor makers just simply cannot lick their Japanese rivals." Japanese manufacturing costs are known to be very low, particularly for the mass-produced memory chips that make up about 18% of the market, since the Japanese have invested billions of dollars in building modern plants to turn them out in huge quantities. The American chipmakers acknowledge that they cannot make some types of chips as cheaply as Japanese companies can, but U.S. buyers of chips, as well as Pentagon officials, think it would be unwise to allow U.S. manufacturers to abandon making any important types...
...Royal Academy in London. It will then be in Stuttgart from May 8 to June 9. This is the second in a series of surveys that, under the guiding hand of the academy's exhibitions secretary Norman Rosenthal, are designed to look back on and rethink the history of modern art country by country. (The first, in 1985, dealt with German...