Word: modernize
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...nationalist leaders who were also Muslims, like Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser, rose to power; by the early '60s there was a belt of independent, predominantly Islamic states stretching from Morocco to Indonesia. For Muslims of the Middle East, one event in the past decade stands out as a modern landmark in the history of the faith. On the afternoon of Oct. 6, 1973, the cry of "Allahu Akbar!" (God is great) rose from the throats of Egyptian soldiers as they stormed across the Suez Canal and overran the lightly manned Israeli strongpoints of the Bar Lev Line. Later...
...Welfare asserting that the region including the Middle East and North Africa was not a center of cultural achievement, nor was it likely to become one in the near future. The study of the region or its languages, therefore, did not constitute its own reward so far as modern culture is concerned. High school textbooks routinely produced descriptions of Islam like the following: "It was started by a wealthy businessman of Arabia called Muhammad. He claimed that he was a prophet. He found followers among other Arabs. He told them that they were picked to rule the world." Whether Palestinian...
...older modern art gets, the further it slides away, the clearer it becomes that the difference between us and the early moderns was not just one of talent. They were obsessed and inspired, as we no longer are, by the promise of the 20th century and a world made new. Because of the general faith in development, the four decades between 1890 and 1930 make up one of the supreme periods in the cultural history of the West-riven, tragic, dissonant, yet as vigorous as the Italian Renaissance: a rewriting of the contract between man and his symbols...
...boxy space, and its applied incrustation in the form of halos, plaques, ex-votos and jewels fixed on the paint surface-to cubist sculpture. A work like Woman with a Fan (1914) combines both; it is almost as hieratic as a Russian saint. Yet nothing could have been more modern than the funnel Archipenko inserted into the design, like a negative breast, a conical hole that goes straight through the canvas at the back, turning painting into sculpture with one gesture...
Highways rimming the coast, medieval citadels in old settlements and modern hotels broken up by the initial 50-second tremor slid into the sea after a series of violent aftershocks, local officials reported...