Word: mold
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...first picture of Dr. Hans Enoch of London, co-discoverer of viviicillin, a cheap, "simplified" form of penicillin, arrived in the U.S. (see cut, /p. 44). Dr. Enoch and his colleague, W. Kurt S. Wal-lersteiner, use suspensions of the pure living penicillin mold for injections. Only a small percentage of the material is active drug, but it has achieved some remarkable cures: e.g., a hemophiliac boy with a ruptured appendix. He recovered without an operation...
Next year what Dr. Fleming knew about the mold's bacteria-baiting by-product appeared in the British Journal of Experimental Pathology. He had found out that the mold was some kind of Penicillium (from the Latin for pencil-the shape of the magnified mold). He named its byproduct penicillin...
...animal tissue. The first antibiotic Dr. Fleming found was lysozyme. It occurs in tears and egg white, can dissolve some bacteria, most of them harmless. That was in 1922-six years before the day when he first saw and grasped the meaning of the sterile ring around the penicillium mold...
Under Dr. Florey's dynamic super vision, the blue-green penicillium mold began to grow again. The researchers dis covered that the best growing temperature is about 75° F.,that the mold needs plenty of air. At first, Dr. Florey's researchers got only about a gram of reddish-brown powder (the sodium salt of penicillin -penicillin itself is an unstable acid) from 100 liters of the mold liquid. But at last, after heroic chemical cookery, they accumulated enough penicillin to test the drug on living creatures...
Doctors and amateurs also began to grow the mold on their own. The usual method was to let penicillium grow on gauze, then use the gauze for a bandage (TIME...