Word: mold
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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Scientists often reach worthwhile goals by setting off in the wrong direction. Dr. Alma J. Whiffen of the Upjohn Co. did just that, several years ago. She noticed that Streptomyces griseus, the mold that produces bacteria-killing streptomycin, also produces a substance that is deadly to fungi. She separated it from the "beers" (solution in which the mold had been growing), called it "actidione," and tried it on fungi that cause human diseases...
...cool, temperate region with enough rainfall to support dense forest, an entirely different type of soil develops: a podsol.† Tree roots do not bring enough lime to keep the soil from being acid, and their dead leaves form a layer of loose mold on the surface. Just below is a light-colored, often almost white layer of soil from which most of the soluble minerals have been leached by the heavy rainfall. Such a tree-formed soil is favorable for trees, but when man clears the forest and plants his grasslike wheat or corn, he gets poor crops...
Caught up in the war, each reacts according to his mold. Diestl is caught in the barbarism and demoralization of the Nazi army. Whitacre gets hold of himself by learning the values of sacrifice in a common, just cause. And Ackerman emerges from a harrowing ordeal of anti-Semitic persecution in an Army camp to become the ideal democratic soldier: thoughtful, selfless, heroic...
...Henry Bessemer toyed with the notion, other inventors dreamed of it; last week it became a reality. In Beaver Falls, Pa., steelworkers poured molten metal into a mold, watched the melt slowly make its way down a 75-ft. tower, to be cooled, cut and ejected as a steel billet ready to be shipped. Commercial steel had at last been cast from molten to semi-finished state in one continuous process...
Continuous casting (the process is still unnamed) bypasses the cumbersome and expensive system which steelmen use to cast ingots, reheat and mold their steel...