Word: molding
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...days in the Louvre. In 1938 he turned out the first of his now famous cardinal series. "They interested me not because of their religious content," he says, "but because of their form and line. In a way they are my abstractions." Last year Manzù, who destroys the mold after a single cast, created what he considers the last of his cardinals, because they "have lost meaning for me, have become too empty, too easy...
...letter of resignation Hauge summed up the Administration economic philosophy that he himself helped to mold over the past six years. "You have brought a badly needed re-emphasis of some plain but oft-obscured truths," he wrote to Ike. "You have...
This was what Beadle had been hoping for. His explanation is that the gene damaged by X-ray violence was originally responsible for producing an enzyme (organic catalyst) needed in the mold's process of making vitamin B-6 out of simpler nutrients. With the gene out of action, the process stopped, and the mold could not grow without help. It was like a human diabetic who needs an external source of the insulin that his body cannot make...
...Attitude. When Beadle and Tatum reported their success in 1941, they had quite a collection of defective molds, each needing some extra nutrient or having some other gene-controlled chemical ailment. In a few years their imitators filled their own laboratories with molds as unnatural as the most monstrous fruit flies. The coral fluffs of normal Neurospora are rare in the test tubes and Petri dishes. In their place are blackish warts, lichenlike incrustations, or sick-looking globules. One horrible kind of mold grown in a moving liquid floats in bunches with limp limbs like soft, dead crabs...
...immediate, practical result of Neurospora genetics was the application of mold irradiation to wartime penicillin production. Much more important were the long-range scientific results. The success with Neurospora yielded new techniques for using molds and other small organisms as genetic tools. Out of its use flowed a new attitude toward genetics. No longer were genes considered abstract units of heredity. They became actual things, not entirely understood but known to be concerned with definite chemical actions. Professor Joshua Lederberg, 33, of the University of Wisconsin, probably the world's leading young geneticist, says that the Neurospora work...