Word: molecular
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...Bernard N. Fields, Lehman professor of microbiology and molecular genetics, said that research in areas like defense incurs huge economic costs which might "artificially skew [another university's] budget...
...outside world. Now, nearly 10 years after David's death, doctors have isolated the faulty gene responsible for his rare condition. In an article in Cell, researchers report that the mutation causes immune cells to produce defective copies of a receptor for interleukin-2, one of the most important molecular regulators of the body's defense system. Eventually scientists hope to transplant normal copies of the gene into the blood cells of affected children, thereby curing them. The research might also lead to new strategies for restoring the damaged immune system of people who suffer from AIDS...
...drug use or stress or the absence of other sexually transmitted diseases. Finding no simple patterns, researchers are zeroing in on the men's individual immune responses, even searching through their genetic makeups for the reasons behind their special status. Thanks to advances that have been made in molecular biology and immunology since the start of the AIDS epidemic, scientists have found some tantalizing clues...
...healthy survivors may lead a genetically charmed life. Each of the body's cells possesses an identical inherited molecular trait, dubbed its HLA type, that allows an individual to distinguish friend from microscopic foe. Some people's HLA types are more common than others. Heredity specialists have already identified a few genetic types that appear to increase a person's chance of developing AIDS after infection. Now they are trying to determine if long-term survivors hold any inherited molecular configurations in common that could be responsible for their ability to resist...
Biomimetic materials hold particular promise as coatings and wrappings that increase the body's tolerance of implanted devices. Eventually these substances may be put to work as nearly natural replacements for injured ligaments and arteries. University of Alabama molecular biophysicist Dan Urry, for example, has succeeded in turning a key segment of the protein elastin, present in many body tissues, into a material whose expansive and contractile properties closely approximate those of arterial walls. The material can be fashioned into tubes that feel, uncannily, like real blood vessels and also into sheets for encasing mechanical devices like pacemakers. Tests...