Word: mongolia
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...leaders of Mongolia's Communist Party have been slow to put their faith in shinechiel (renewal). But once convinced, they have proved fervent converts. Last week the party that has ruled the remote republic for 66 years abolished its monopoly on power, promised multiparty elections by year's end and replaced the entire five-member Politburo with a younger, more progressive slate. Said Foreign Ministry spokesman Tepbishiin Chimeddorj: "This is the beginning of real change...
...overnight revolution in Mongolia was an astonishing victory for the country's nascent opposition, which went public with its campaign for democratization only three months ago. The forces of dissent have multiplied rapidly, fed by popular discontent over economic stagnation, communist autocracy and domination by Moscow. Recently, the government of President Jambyn Batmonh has loosened up, allowing joint ventures with Western companies, for example. But the pace of change was too sluggish for the regime's critics, whose demonstrations brought thousands into the streets...
...Genghis Khan's grandson Batu who first swept into Russia. When Kiev resisted, Batu besieged the city in 1240, burned it to the ground and massacred all its inhabitants. "When we passed through that land," wrote Archbishop Plano Carpini, a papal legate bound for the new power center in Mongolia, "we found lying in the field countless heads and bones of dead people. This city had been extremely large and very populous, whereas now it has been reduced to nothing...
...while Mikhail Gorbachev has promised to remove 120,000 troops from Soviet Asia and Mongolia, that would still leave 600,000 along the Soviet border with China. At least 10,000 troops are based in the northern territories just off Japan that were seized by the Soviets in 1945. The Soviet Pacific fleet of 77 ships and 120 submarines has access to ports in North Korea as well as its own facilities in Vladivostok...
...contend with: the ambition of Defense Minister Lin Biao, then his designated successor. The impatient Lin laid plans to oust Mao via the euphemistically named "571 Engineering Project," but his coup plot was discovered, and Lin died when the plane in which he escaped from Beijing crashed in Mongolia. After Lin's death, that most deft of diplomats, Zhou Enlai, reduced the army's role in political affairs...