Word: mongolia
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...Japanese withdrew in China, puppets tumbled right & left. One of them was Henry Pu Yi, ex-Emperor of the ex-state of Manchukuo; he was a Russian prisoner. Another was Inner Mongolia's roly-poly Prince Teh (full name Teh-mu-chu-keh-lung-lu-pu), whose arid realm is the shortest international high way between Soviet Siberia and Peking...
Bloody Baron. Inner Mongolia is the lean twin (some 300,000 sq. mi.) of Outer Mongolia (some 900,000 sq. mi.). In pre-World War I days Outer Mongolia, with its less-than-one-million lama-ruled herds men, was nominally a part of China, actually a Tsarist protectorate...
During the Russian Revolution, the Bolsheviks had no time for the Mongolian steppe lands. But in 1921 a Tsarist refugee, the fantastic "Bloody Baron" Michael von Ungern-Sternberg, made Outer Mongolia's metropolis, Urga (pop: 50,000), a base for operations against Russia. So the Bolsheviks liquidated him and moved into Urga, which they renamed Ulan Bator Khoto (Mongol for "City of the Red Hero...
...Russians broke the hold of the lamas over the primitive Mongol sheep and camel herders. Then, in 1924, in response to one of those spontaneous popular demands that commonly follows a Red Army occupation, the People's Republic of Outer Mongolia was set up. It was nominally independent, virtually a 17th Soviet Republic...
Russian power stopped at the Khalka River, which divides Outer from Inner Mongolia. Led by young Prince Teh, the Inner Mongolians remained unregenerately separate, tribal, lama-ridden and unso-vietized. In return for 50,000 silver dollars monthly, they owned a tenuous allegiance to the Chinese Republic. But in Outer Mongolian eyes, Inner Mongolia was an area for future redemption...