Word: monicas
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...TIME:As press secretary from 1992 to 1994, you got to miss the whopper of public relations snafus: the Monica Lewinsky scandal...
...Still, Monica didn't know the robot's weight, which she would need to measure the dopamine increase. She moved to pick up Ardman's chart, which listed his weight, but just then the simulator's blood pressure dropped radically, prompting Monica to make the same error that Thomas had made: she went for epinephrine. After the drug sent Ardman into ventricular tachycardia, Monica was fast enough to shock him with the defibrillator. But this time poor Mr. Ardman died before the experiment ended. The expert had killed Ardman even faster than the novice...
...rule explains, in an obvious and intuitive way, why the novice nurse Thomas failed his simulation: he had completed only two years of training, and he got rattled. "It's funny the things that anxiety can do to people," Whyte, the nursing professor, said, as Thomas ignored the drip. Monica, by contrast, instinctively looked up to see what medications were on the line. But then she made the same error as her inexperienced counterpart...
...moved to the U.S. from his native Sweden in 1976 to study with Simon, co-author of the seminal chess paper. (Simon went on to win a Nobel Prize in economics for his work on decision-making.) Today Ericsson runs Florida State's Human Performance Laboratory, where Thomas and Monica participated in the robot simulations...
...Experience is not only insufficient for expert performance; in some cases, it can hurt. Highly experienced people tend to execute routine tasks almost unconsciously - think of Monica immediately glancing up to see Ardman's dopamine drip - and they retrieve the information they need quickly, rarely pausing to apply rules. Driving is a good example. In a 1991 paper in the journal Ergonomics, a team of researchers found that while new drivers and truly expert drivers (members of Britain's Institute of Advanced Motorists) checked their mirrors often and applied their brakes early, regular drivers with 20 years' experience rarely checked...