Word: moniz
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...back as 1936 surgeons were working out a way to treat a psychosis by an operation called prefrontal lobotomy-the last resort for schizophrenics and manic-depressives. Using a technique devised by the University of Lisbon's emeritus professor Dr. Antonio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz, skilled neurosurgeons cut away important nerve connections in the prefrontal brain lobe (a seat of reasoning) and the thalamus in the rear of the brain (a way station for emotional responses). The operation's aim: helping the patient to a better adjustment with his environment...
Last week the Council of the Caroline Institute at the University of Stockholm awarded the 1949 Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology jointly to Drs. Hess and Moniz. His half of the $30,000 would come in handy to Dr. Hess. Said he: "It will simplify my work. I have certain plans and everything costs money . . . Now I will be able to hire assistants...
Wealthy, 75-year-old Dr. Moniz, whose hands are badly deformed by long exposure to radioactivity, is the first Portuguese ever to win a Nobel Prize...
...operation, called pre-frontal lobotomy, is not new. It was invented by Portugal's Dr. Egas Moniz in 1935, was introduced to the U.S. by Neurologist Walter Freeman and Neurosurgeon James W. Watts of George Washington University (TIME, Nov. 30, 1942). But doctors have kept quiet about it. The operation is a desperate last resort...
...Brain Is Sliced. In their development of Dr. Moniz' methods, Drs. Freeman and Watts drill a small hole in the temple on each side of the patient's head where two skull bones meet. Surgeon Watts then inserts a dull knife into the brain, makes a fan-shaped incision upward through the prefrontal lobe, then downward a few minutes later. He then repeats the incisions on the other side of the brain. No brain tissues are removed. (In two operations they have cut cerebral arteries. Both patients died...