Word: morocco
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Africa and the Middle East (with the exception of Israel), democracy has fared less well. Zambia, with a vigorous multiparty system, meets most tests, and Morocco, blessed with 1,100 years of national identity, has made the transition to parliamentary democracy fairly smoothly. Uganda is a democracy by virtue of a more dubious blessing-a dissident Buganda minority still so fiercely loyal to their tribal monarch that Premier Milton Obote is forcibly prevented from creating the one-party state he would like...
Inner Weakness. But many orientalists see a basic ambiguity in Islam's position, and feel that outward expansion is matched by inner weakness. One such weakness is that Moslem devotion, outside of rural areas where social pressure to conform runs strong, is often little more than skin-deep. Morocco still fines men caught smoking during Ramadan, and Malaya's Moslem courts zealously crack down on khalwat (close association of the sexes). Saudi Arabia has neither alcohol nor movies, but even here faith is succumbing to the influences of modernism: this year Jeddah will have a TV station...
More than half the population is under 20 and eager for schooling. But Morocco's $85 million annual education budget is not nearly enough to bring scholarship to so vast and desperate a student body. As a result, students and labor leaders, intellectuals and urban workers have grown increasingly impatient with Hassan's reluctant moderation and economies-and increasingly sympathetic with the instant socialism of such Arab leaders as Algeria's Ahmed ben Bella...
Regal Candor. Fortunately for Hassan, neither of the nation's two major leftist opposition groups has yet taken overt advantage of the riots. The Union Marocaine du Travail, Morocco's socialist, urban-intellectual labor union, staged an 18-hour sympathy strike for the rioters. But discipline was poor-largely because the U.M.T. did not know what the riots were all about. And the Union Nationale des Forces Populaires, which holds nearly a fifth of the seats in the National Assembly, was equally befuddled. Had the two combined forces, Hassan might have been in real trouble...
...dropped earlier government charges that the riots had been provoked by "foreign agitators" (translated Ahmed ben Bella) and in a radio broadcast couched in peasant Arabic, focused the blame on "three disappointed elements" in Moroccan society: the students, the unemployed and the "malcontents." He announced no spectacular solution for Morocco's plight, only demanded hard work and patience. "A politician who promises you a prosperous future is a liar," declared the King with regal candor. "I cannot promise you a prosperous future...