Word: mosaic
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...time it was found that many animal and human diseases were also due to such viruses: rabies, distemper, foot-and-mouth disease, encephalitis, poliomyelitis, measles, yellow fever, certain tumors, common colds. At Princeton Dr. Stanley grew acres of tobacco plants, infected them with the disease known as tobacco mosaic, ground up their wizened leaves, extracted their juices. This liquid was highly infectious to normal plants. But the deadly principle could not be cultured like a bacterium. Dr. Stanley found that it could be digested - that is, destroyed - by certain enzymes such as pepsin. This was important. Pepsin digests only proteins...
With Rosh Hashonah last fortnight began the Jewish new year, according to the Jewish calendar the 5,698th since the Creation. For Orthodox Jews Yom Kippur, the last 24 hours of the ten-day observance, was a Day of Atonement, the only one of the year on which Mosaic law prescribes abstention from food and drink. Not comparable to any Christian celebration, Yom Kippur meant prostrations for the devout, an effort at self-purification based upon the concept that God was casting up for the year his accounts of the sins and the good work of His children. In Jewish...
Then Svedberg, Wyckoff and others weighed & measured the giants by whirling them in powerful ultracentrifuges. Stanley found that the virus which causes tobacco mosaic disease in plants is a huge molecule, which was weighed by Svedberg and Wyckoff at 17,000,000 times as much as a hydrogen atom. The virus of noninfectious rabbit warts was isolated as a protein molecule weighing 20,000,000 units...
...tough question of the atomic architecture inside the molecule has yielded somewhat to the discovery that it must conform to mathematical limitations grouped under "stoichiometrical law." Stanley's tobacco mosaic virus, for example, was found to be not a long, thin chain but roughly egg-shaped...
...world 1) that a virus was a huge molecule composed basically of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, weighing 17,000,000 times as-much as a hydrogen molecule, and measuring one seven-hundred-thousandth of an inch in diameter; 2) that he had crystallized a typical virus (which causes mosaic diseases in tobacco plants) by chemical treatment; 3) that he had modified the virus molecule chemically and produced other types of plant disease; 4) that he had made the molecule inactive. All this proved, said Dr. Stanley, that "a virus is a protein molecule and as such may be regarded...