Word: moscow
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...series of unexplained military maneuvers around Moscow last fall fueled rumors that the army had used scare tactics to pressure Gorbachev. A much repeated story speaks of a tense meeting of the Communist Party Politburo at which the President was forced to back away from economic reform and crack down on separatism...
...Finance Minister. It was Pavlov, recently appointed Prime Minister, who last month cast a chill on investors from abroad by accusing Westerners of plotting to flood the Soviet market with billions of rubles, wreck the economy and ultimately overthrow Gorbachev. Two weeks ago, the daily Moskovsky Komsomolets reported that Moscow party chief Yuri Prokofiev had said, "Gorbachev was forced to refuse the ((radical reform)) program at nighttime sessions of the Politburo...
Oleg Bogomolov, director of Moscow's Institute of International Economic and Political Research, speculates that Gorbachev then took a new look at the central bureaucracy. Bogomolov says, "Gorbachev probably recognized that the old system still showed signs of life, that it could be preserved and - reformed." In other words, it was a strategic retreat into a renewed alliance with the party, the military and the economic masters of the country...
However it happened, says Peter Frank, a Soviet expert at Britain's University of Essex, "the reactionaries' interests and Gorbachev's are now in harmony." As evidence, Frank points to the composition of the new policymaking Security Council announced recently in Moscow. In addition to the President, its members are Vice President Gennadi Yanayev and Prime Minister Pavlov, both hidebound bureaucrats; Foreign Minister Alexander Bessmertnykh, a professional diplomat with little political clout; Interior Minister Boris Pugo, Defense Minister Dmitri Yazov and KGB chief Vladimir Kryuchkov, all hard-liners; and two token moderates, former Interior Minister Vadim Bakatin and Yevgeni Primakov...
...sign will be governed by "existing legislation of the U.S.S.R., mutual obligations and agreements." So the breakaway states that thought they could opt out of the Union by not joining the new one will still be held hostage. Undeterred, Lithuanian President Vytautas Landsbergis says he will negotiate with Moscow only if the end result is Lithuanian independence. Rukh, the anti-Union movement in the western Ukraine, advises its supporters, "It is necessary to be independent to get rich...