Word: moslem
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Knocked Heads. In his efforts to reshape Tunisia as a modern nation, Bourguiba has had to knock heads together. Inevitably, some army officers resent the backseat role he gives the military. And Moslem religious leaders are angered by his attempt to abolish the day-long fasts of the month of Ramadan, and by his emancipation of women...
...Forgotten. At the time of partition, Kashmir, like all of India's 562 princely states, was given the choice of joining either Pakistan or India. The fact that 77% of Kashmir's 4,200,000 people were Moslem pointed to control by Moslem Pakistan. But though he had signed preliminary trade and administrative agreements with Pakistan, Kashmir's Hindu maharajah began to hedge. Angered by his failure to accede to Pakistan, hordes of Pakistani "volunteers" swept into Kashmir to establish Pakistan's claim to the land. In terror, the Hindu ruler opted to join India, appealed...
Nehru soon forgot that vow, for it became obvious that Kashmir would vote either for independence or accession to Pakistan. Indian Kashmir's Moslem ruler, Sheik Mohammed Abdullah, an old friend of Nehru's and a fiery Kashmiri nationalist, confused things by starting to pro mote a local independence movement. India clapped Sheik Abdullah into jail in 1953 and introduced a series of repressive measures to halt other nationalist or pro-Pakistan movements. Except for three months in 1958, Sheik Abdullah has languished in prison ever since, was last week on trial on charges of conspiracy to overthrow...
...proposing such unthinkable ideas as that mixed marriages might be allowed in certain circumstances. He languished as a letter copier in the Oriental Congregation until the Holy See discovered that it needed an apostolic visitor to remote Bulgaria (1925-34). From there he went for ten years to 98 % -Moslem Turkey, and was transferred from exile to troubled France near the end of World War II only because the Holy See did not want to spare a top man for that messy post. But the French were charmed by Roncalli's humility and abilities as a raconteur?as well...
...Carl Brown, an assistant professor of Middle Eastern Studies, contributes a valuable discussion of a little-known problem (little-known to me, certainly): the dilemma of Jews in North Africa, who, struggling for a century to gain equality with the colonizing French, suddenly found themselves excluded from the growing Moslem nationalist, anti-French revolutionary movements...