Word: mosul
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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Saddam has already embarked on the campaign trail. Earlier this month, he visited three provincial capitals, Ba'quba, Ramadi and Mosul, as well as his hometown of Tikrit. At each stop, thousands of followers, mostly young people, cheered him, chanting, "Bush, Bush, listen well, we all love Saddam Hussein!" In Mosul the Iraqi President ostentatiously drew a pistol from his holster and fired several shots over the heads of the crowd. The throng went wild, and the footage was shown over and over on Iraqi television. "Tomorrow, if they were given new instructions, they would chant different slogans," says...
...defeat was equally swift. With the south subdued, Saddam was able to move 100,000 more troops north, rapidly outnumbering the Kurdish fighters. Within a week government forces had relieved the siege of Mosul, the third largest city in Iraq. In the same period, Kirkuk, Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, Zakhu and other Kurdish-occupied cities were reconquered...
...which encompasses 28 million people in an area roughly the size of Thailand, when the Ottoman Empire collapsed after World War I. The Treaty of Sevres in 1920 promised them an independent state, but it was never ratified. Later that year, Britain annexed the oil-rich Kurdish region of Mosul to Iraq, then a British mandate. Intermittent insurgencies against Baghdad have followed ever since, and Kurds in Turkey, Iran and Syria have also remained restive...
Turkey has put the Kurds on notice that it may use force to prevent the establishment of an independent Kurdish state in Iraq. Ankara has a historic , claim on Iraq's Mosul province which it might use as a pretext for such a move. That might in turn prompt Iran and Syria to seize their own pieces of Iraq. Two weeks ago, Turkish officials met with Iraqi Kurdish leaders for the first time. In exchange for that rare acknowledgment of their legitimacy, the Kurds apparently promised Ankara that they would not foment rebellion among their brethren in Turkey...
...horse trading that will take place after the war. Rafsanjani's immediate goal is to head off any possible moves by coalition members, particularly Turkey and Syria, to carve up Iraq after it is defeated. Iran fears that Turkey may claim Iraqi Kurdistan and its oil-rich areas of Mosul and Kirkuk, once part of the Ottoman empire, and that Syria may attempt its own land grab. Iran is eager to prevent -- by threats of force, if necessary -- any postwar breakup of Iraq that would upset the delicate balance of power in the region...