Word: movement
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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Japan's adolescent trade unions last week had discovered that democracy, like the art of love, is hard to learn (or practice) as long as Pop is in the parlor with the lights on.* For Supreme Commander Douglas MacArthur, who fathered the Japanese union movement in October 1945, the problem was how to get out of the parlor with grace and dignity. Necessary occupation discipline had at last collided head on with Japan's experimental democracy...
...Jumps. Whatever MacArthur's resolution of the prickly puzzle, the new and strangely hybrid Japanese labor movement will be an important factor in Japanese life for a long time to come. In a little more than a year of organizing, 4,400,000 workers have joined 17,000 unions in the two big federations, the revived N.F.L.U. (National Federation of Labor Unions) and the N.C.I.U. (National Congress of Industrial Unions). This literally represents a jump up from nothing. The N.F.L.U. and its predecessors never got more than about 400,000 members in prewar Japan, never bargained effectively. Imperial Japan...
Superficially, the new Japanese labor movement looks like a blurred carbon of the U.S. model. The N.F.L.U. came back under one of its old leaders-dignified, Christian, 59-year-old Komakichi Matsuoka, who has been called the "William Green of Japan" and hates Communists just as much. A more radical group promptly established the N.C.I.U. as a Japanese counterpart of the C.I.O., made a smart but little-known newspaperman named Katsumi Kikunami its chairman. Kikunami (who had a Nisei nephew killed in Italy fighting with the U.S. Army), though no Red himself, accepted Communist support. From this springboard...
With this work I do not address myself to strangers, but to those adherents of the movement who belong to it with their hearts. . . . The basic elements of a doctrine must be set down in permanent form...
Swami Yogananda belongs outside the most publicized U.S. Indian movement-the Vedanta-which includes Huxley, Isherwood, et al. He is also scorned by them. Yogananda, born plain Mukunda Lai Ghosh 46 years ago, is the son of the vice president of the Bengal-Nagpur Railway. Father Ghosh scorned money, food and sex, spent his free hours meditating, with his legs crossed. Both father & mother Ghosh were devout practitioners of the basic tenet of yoga: absolute discipline of the body and senses through concentration on the idea of union with God. "Your father and myself," said Mrs. Ghosh, "live together...