Word: movements
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...task that the Kremlin had undertaken in convening the summit was formidable. There was considerable suspicion that the conference, expected to last two or three weeks, would turn out to be a debacle for the Soviets. Never has the Communist movement been in greater disarray. Once the undisputed fountainhead of Communism, Moscow has seen many parties grow distant and independent and others turn violently against Soviet primacy. It is not too much to say that the Russians can now command unquestioning obedience only in those countries where their soldiers can enforce...
...TIME Correspondent Jerrold Schecter filed on the eve of the conference: "The issue is no longer unity. It is finding the lowest common denominator on which there can be limited agreement in the world Communist movement. Observers in Moscow believe that the meeting, and how it is carried off, holds the key to the success or failure of the current Kremlin leadership. Faced with a border war with China, the Soviet Union today must defend its national interests at the same time that it tries to justify them under the banner of 'proletarian internationalism.' In Eastern Europe, the invasion...
...global scale, Russia's reliance on force and authoritarianism hurts its role as a Communist leader. Partly for that very reason, the movement's fission has proved to be a downright political advantage to many Communist parties. The image of Communism's being run by an alien despotism in Moscow has faded to a great extent as individual parties have become more independent. The French party for years cringed under Socialist Guy Mollet's indictment that "the Communists are not of the Left but of the East"; by asserting a moderate amount of independence, the French Communists have gained...
...February. Other parties offered some 300 amendments, at least 100 of which were incorporated in the text. In order to hold a conference at all, the Soviets had to scratch out the old claim, reaffirmed by the 1960 world conference, that they were the leaders of the world Communist movement. Further, they had to delete any critical reference to China or any wording that could be construed as approval of the invasion of Czechoslovakia...
...Polish First Secretary Wladyslaw Gomulka resumed the Soviet-orchestrated attack on the Chinese: "The principles of internationalism have been betrayed by the present leaders of the Communist Party of China, who have, from positions of anti-Soviet nationalism and great-power chauvinism, violated the solidarity of the international Communist movement...