Word: mud
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...That's because mud isn't the only thing boiling over in Porong. Villagers displaced by the eruption blame the disaster on PT Lapindo Brantas, an Indonesian mining company drilling for natural gas in the area. Lapindo is partly controlled by the family of Aburizal Bakrie, Coordinating Minister for the People's Welfare, one of Indonesia's wealthiest men and an ally of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. Victims of the disaster say that a murky web of political influence and corporate fecklessness has blunted the official response to the mud eruption. "Everyone is suspicious," says Mas Achmad Santosa...
...Such a drop, called a loss of circulation, isn't uncommon in gas drilling. It usually means that natural fractures inside the borehole are allowing drilling fluid to leak out. Lapindo's engineers responded by pumping heavy drilling mud into the well to seal the cracks and restore pressure. Then they began to pull out the drill. Davies thinks that while they were removing the drill on the morning of May 28, they set off a massive "kick," in which high-pressure water and gas from the surrounding rock flowed into, rather than out of, the borehole. To prevent...
...president Yuniwati Teryana. "We met the requirements." Teryana offers another explanation for the eruption. Two days before Lusi started, a 6.3-magnitude earthquake shook the city of Yogyakarta, about 190 miles (300 km) to the west of Porong. Lapindo believes that the quake opened natural fractures that allowed the mud to escape. "The mud eruption is caused by a natural phenomenon," Teryana says. That's an opinion shared by Adriano Mazzini, a geologist at the University of Oslo. After studying data provided by Lapindo, Mazzini concluded that Lusi was probably caused by the May 27 earthquake. "There is strong evidence...
...idea was to bleed off pressure inside the volcano slowly enough so that Lusi wouldn't simply erupt elsewhere - or shoot the concrete balls back out like a cannon. Satria Bijaksana, one of the Bandung scientists who came up with the idea, says that the balls reduced the mud's flow temporarily. But the project was abandoned last March when a new government team took over management of the site. More recently, a Japanese team proposed building a 130-ft.-high (40 m high) dam to contain the mud. Scientists familiar with Lusi have dismissed that idea. Because the ground...
...unstoppable. In 1979, the oil company Shell set off a similar eruption while drilling off the shore of Brunei. That mudflow took 20 years and 20 relief wells to halt, according to Mark Tingay, a geologist at the University of Adelaide in Australia. Lusi may eventually choke itself as mud clogs its interior plumbing. But if left to die on its own, Davies estimates that it could continue to erupt for years, and perhaps even decades. Hardi Prasetyo, deputy head of the new government team in charge of Lusi, says that his workers are now focusing on containing, rather than...