Word: mullah
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...offensive, declared that the Kurds were "our blood brothers." Aref freed five rebel leaders from house arrest and conceded two long-standing demands: a measure of local rule for Kurds, and Kurdish-language instruction in their schools. But Aref had a demand of his own. He wanted Rebel Chieftain Mullah Mustafa Barzani to disband his 15,000-man army, called pesh mergas (meaning "those willing to die for the cause"). Skeptically, Barzani refused...
...fierce conflict is now being fought in the mountains of Northern Iraq. Tribesmen equipped with rifles and horses have achieved a series of military successes against a mechanized army supported by heavy artillery and jet fighters. The Kurdish revolt, led by the resourceful Mullah Mustafa al-Barzani, culminates a long series of attempt by the Kurds to form an autonomous Kurdish state encompassing parts of Iraq, Iran and Turkey. The present uprising, described in a recent group of articles in the New York Times by Dana Adams Schmidt, has two specific objectives: the creation of a Kurdish nation in Northern...
...Mullah Mustafa al-Barzani has been a leader in the Kurdish struggle for independence for many years From 1932 to 1943 he and two brothers were exiled from Iraq because of revolutionary activities. After his 1943 rebellion against the Iraq government failed Barzani and comrades set up the Mehabad Republic in Iraq in 1946. When this was crushed a year later, Mullah Mustafa and 496 men fought their way back through Iraq to refuge in the Soviet Union. They remained in the U.S.S.R. until after the 1958 Revolution which overthrew King Faisal and brought Kassim to power...
...revolt may have several disturbing consequences. First, it has weakened and will further weaken Kassim's regime, perhaps causing its eventual collapse. Were the Baghdad government to fall, a Communist or Communist-controlled regime might easily come to power. If Mullah Mustafa succeeds in creating an autonomous Iraqi Kurdish state, the three million Kurds in Turkey and Iran will probably wish to join him. Such a movement towards a larger independent Kurdistan would seriously disrupt the internal affairs of our closest allies. Moreover, any emerging Kurdish state will make an already seething Middle East even more unstable...
...Shah flew from village to village, damage seemed even worse than at first expected. Wailed the village mullah of Danesfahan, where 3,200 of 4,500 inhabitants perished: "We have brought this evil on ourselves. It is God's vengeance for our sins." But the real evil, experts decided, lies in the peasants' age-old technique of building thick-walled, mud-brick houses that instantly collapse on their occupants in an earthquake. After his inspection, the Shah announced plans to rebuild the nation's 50.000 mud-hut villages.* It will take at least 15 years...