Word: munichs
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Immediate Landmark. Born in Berlin in 1883, trained there and in Munich, Gropius was quick to grasp the liberating potentials of fast-developing technology. In 1911, he designed with Adolf Meyer a shoe factory in Alfeld, Germany. Unlike most buildings of the time, which were held up by thick exterior walls, the structure was supported by Bessemer steel interior columns and beams and faced with a breathtakingly thin curtain of glass. It was bold, light, airy-an immediate landmark. Soon after, Gropius produced another tour de force: a machine factory in Cologne whose facade was dominated by a pair...
...first glance, the life story of Matthias Defregger would seem to be a German version of The Cardinal, that durable novel about clerical success. Born in Munich, he was a bright boy, the grandson of a successful 19th century Bavarian painter, the son of a well-known sculptor. Before World War II he studied philosophy at a Jesuit college. Drafted into the Wehrmacht, he was released from service in 1945 as a major, wearing the coveted Ritterkreuz (Knight's Cross). Then, at 31, Defregger decided to become a priest. He was or dained in 1949 and assigned...
...young priest was a comer. In 1962, Julius Cardinal Döpfner appointed him vicar-general of the Munich and Freising archdiocese. Defregger proved to be a master administrator. During Döpfner's protracted visits to Rome for the Second Vatican Council, the stocky priest with the high intellectual forehead, the cool blue eyes and the gold-rimmed glasses began to seem the cardinal's alter ego. In 1968, the Vatican agreed that Defregger should be made a bishop. "With the gift of your heart and your intelligence," wrote Pope Paul VI in his accreditation, "you appear...
...Germany as it struggled to survive the chaos of surrender. Absorbed in private rancors, busy reshuffling peoples and national borders, the Allied statesmen paid little heed to the German scene. Historians have tended to follow their lead. Yet the obscure skirmishes for power that went on in Berlin and Munich may have done almost as much as the Versailles Treaty to shape the future course of Germany and Europe. The far left was pitted against the far right with hapless moderates caught in a dreadful crossfire...
...absolutely open politics and diplomacy; all cables and memoranda, for instance, were left on display on his desk. The only thing he nationalized was the theater, mainly to ensure that parts would be equitably distributed among actors. When he felt his popularity slipping, he staged a spectacular at the Munich opera house. Bruno Walter, then resident conductor, led a Beethoven Leonore Overture. A chorus sang a hymn composed by Eisner, ending "O world, rejoice!" But when he tried to speak, the audience heckled Eisner off stage. Two months later he was shot to death by a youthful assassin who wanted...