Word: murayama
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...recent meeting of the American Association of Blood Banks in Chicago, Dr. Paul Wolf of Stanford University and Dr. Robert Nalbandian of Blodgett Memorial Hospital in Grand Rapids, announced their success after three years of experiments. They emphasized that they had built on the pioneering studies of Makio Murayama of the National Institutes of Health. Murayama observed that abnormal cells, which carry sickle-producing hemoglobin S, gel at normal body temperature when oxygen content is reduced, then return to normal...
...screening test possible. A small blood sample is dropped into a tube containing a solution of potassium phosphate, sodium dithionite and saponin. Clouding of the solution is a danger signal but does not specifically identify hemoglobin S. If the first round arouses suspicion, a second test, also based on Murayama's work, is performed immediately. Urea, a natural waste substance produced by the normal liver, breaks some molecular bonds in abnormal hemoglobin. When urea is added to the solution that had shown a positive reaction initially, the liquid clears quickly if hemoglobin S is present...
Cautious Encouragement. The Michigan team, led by Dr. Robert Nalbandian of Blodgett Memorial Hospital in Grand Rapids, owes its discovery to the work of another researcher, Makio Murayama of the National Institutes of Health. Murayama discovered that the sickle-cell shape is caused by an abnormal bonding between hemoglobin molecules in the red cells. Using this knowledge, Nalbandian's team decided to try urea, a waste substance produced by the normal human liver and excreted in the urine. As they knew, urea can dissolve certain types of molecular bonds. Their experiment worked: urea broke the bond between the hemoglobin...