Word: muscularity
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...humans as means to other humans' ends--valuing them as copies of others we loved or as collections of body parts, not as individuals in their own right. We should also draw a line, however fuzzy, that would permit using genetic engineering to cure diseases and disabilities (cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy) but not to change the personal attributes that make someone an individual (IQ, physical appearance, gender and sexuality...
...identifying specific disease genes, burgeoning U.S. genetic centers now offer DNA tests for 30 or 40 of the more commonly inherited disorders, including cystic fibrosis, susceptibility to some types of breast cancer, fragile X syndrome (after Down, the most common cause of mental retardation), Huntington's disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and various types of degeneration of the brainstem, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. If you include testable variants of some diseases, such as the many different genetic mutations that can cause cystic fibrosis, the number of available DNA probes rises to some 400, with the count growing almost daily. What...
...such as spina bifida, a disabling hole in the spinal cord, are being treated in the womb by experimental surgery at about seven months. Sex-selection techniques based on in-vitro fertilization can reduce the risk of giving birth to a baby with sex-linked disorders, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy and hemophilia, which affect only males...
...today's managed-health-care system, rarely have had any training in clinical genetics. "My job is centered almost as much on educating doctors as patients," says genetics counselor Michelle Fox of the UCLA Medical Center. If they uncover a genetic problem in patients, like a family history of muscular dystrophy in a couple who want a child, savvy physicians will enlist a trained specialist like Fox. These specialists can explore with the couple what it means to care for a child with muscular dystrophy (under improved treatment, such children can survive well into middle...
...while the technique is ideal for weeding out this and other X-linked disorders, including hemophilia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Fragile X syndrome, most patients treated at Genetics & IVF want to even out their families--a life-style rather than a medical decision. The Fairfax clinic has been willing to help, but such a trend doesn't sit well with some other practitioners. "Our view at the moment," says Dr. Zev Rosenwaks, director of the Center for Reproductive Medicine and Infertility at Cornell Medical Center in New York City, "is that these techniques should be used for medical indications...