Word: muslim
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...February 21, 1965, Malcolm X, ex-Muslim and revolutionary black leader, was felled by assassins' bullets as he began a speech at the Audubon Ballroom in New York. Fifty weeks after he had broken with the Black Muslims and had begun to emerge from a black nationalist approach to a Third World internationalist approach, he was shot down. Certainly, the fact that he was killed at such a crucial ideological turning point in his life and in the life of the black liberation movement was no coincidence. In commemorating that day ten years ago when Malcolm's life...
Throughout his life, Malcolm was an activist. As he remarked in 1964, anything I get in, I'm in it all the way." In his evolution from hustler to convicted robber to Black Muslim to revolutionary internationalist, he was never content to hypothesize or simply talk about what he wanted; he was concerned with the concrete strategies for action which would enable a goal to become a reality. Constantly evolving, never stagnating. Malcolm continually revised his outlook to accommodate existing conditions. The first of these changes was his conversion to the Black Muslim faith. While in Charleston prison serving...
...when the leadership of assimilation pacifists such as Martin Luther King was being imposed upon the black movement by the white media, the intensely nationalistic Muslim line was a relatively progressive alternative. Malcolm began to see, however, that neither the Muslims' utopian separatism nor the integrationists' reformism were actually doing anything to bring about fundamental improvements in the material conditions of black people in the United States. He began to see that it was not the "evil" of the entire white race, but the oppression perpetrated by a certain segment of the white race, which kept the black...
Progressing from the romanticism of the Muslims' religious nationalism to a more concrete form of struggle. Malcolm saw that it was, in fact, in the interest of blacks to work for change in American society. In the Muslims, he had learned that black nationalism, without a concrete strategy and a willingness to unite with allies, is not revolutionary. In the last years of his Muslim career he had denounced the non-violence exemplified by King as a betrayal to the black cause. He correctly observed that when a group is repressed and controlled through violence it cannot hope to free...
...time of his historic "Message to the Grass Roots," one of his last speeches as a Muslim, Malcolm had already developed a Third World perspective. The content of the speech, carefully put into terms which he deemed acceptable to a militant black audience, was solidly anti-imperialist. He called for unity among all peoples of color "on the basis of what we have in common," namely, exploitation by the international capitalist system. By this time, Malcolm had long since discarded the race analysis of the Muslims, and realized that the enemy was not the white race...