Word: muslimism
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Islam and Progress. Muslim scholars insist that nothing in Islam is incompatible with technological advance or industrial development. In the days of the caliphs, Islam led the world in scientific and intellectual discoveries. What Muslims object to are the evils associated with modernization: the breakdown of the family structure, the lowering of moral standards, the appeal of easygoing secular lifestyles. At the same time, Muslims are demanding the best of the West: schools, hospitals, technology, agricultural and water development techniques. Harvesting the fruits of modernization without absorbing some of its side-effects may prove to be impossible. But Sheik Mahmoud...
...effects of industrialization helped fuel the popular unrest that brought down the Shah in what Princeton's Richard Falk calls "the first Third World revolution, one which is neither Marxist nor capitalist but indigenously Islamic." Some Iranian officials believe that their revolution will inspire other uprisings in the Muslim world. "I think a new era of Islamic struggle and a new Islamic awareness have been triggered by our revolution," says Ibrahim Yazdi, Deputy Prime Minister for Revolutionary Affairs. "From now on, all Islamic movements that were dormant or apologetic in their approach to change or action will come...
...holy men of Iran have a long history of political activism. As one religious leader toting a gun in post-revolutionary Tehran put it, "Politics is a part of life, and the mullah's field of interest is life itself." Moreover, the Iranian religious structure, unlike that in most Muslim countries, was financially independent of the government. But there are several Islamic nations where discontent could pose problems. Among them...
Saudi Arabia. The birthplace of Muhammad is the most strictly orthodox Muslim society on earth; rulers and ruled profess adherence to the austere, fundamentalist Wahhabi sect, noted for its zealous enforcement of the Shari'a. But there is a widening gap between the very rich and very poor, a heavy influx of foreign workers, and a pace of development that may be too rapid for an underpopulated country to handle. Although the Wahhabi leaders have close links to the royal family, there is a small Islamic movement that is critical of the debauchery of spoiled princelings on their sojourns outside...
...peace treaty with Israel. Some officials in Tehran have said that they expect Egypt to be the first country to feel the shock waves of their revolution. Sensing the potential for trouble, the government censored news of Iran's turmoil in the Egyptian press. Islamic fundamentalists, including the Muslim Brotherhood, are a growing force in the country. Islam is Egypt's state religion, but most of the ulama tend to support the government, in part because they are dependent on Cairo for religious funds. Many laymen, in fact, consider the ulama as part of the Establishment they seek to undermine...