Word: mussolini
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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Fate knocked at the door last week for Europe's two fascist dictators. Mussolini, shot in the back and through the head by his partisan executioners, lay dead in Milan (see below). Adolf Hitler had been buried, dead or alive, in the rubble of his collapsing Third Reich. Whether or not he had suffered a cerebral hemorrhage (as reported from Stockholm), or had "fallen in his command post at the Reich chancellery" (as reported by the Hamburg radio, which said that he had been succeeded as Führer by Grand Admiral Karl Doenitz), or was a prisoner...
Frolicking Fascist. The family feud began when Mussolini first threatened to supplant diminutive King Victor Emmanuel III with his cousin, Emmanuel Philibert. Mussolini later showered affection upon Emmanuel Philibert's two towering pro-Fascist sons, Amedeo and Aimone (who later married beautiful Princess Irene of Greece...
...firm had a sharp reputation for circumventing the restrictions of the Allied Control Commissions. His own politics were opportunistic. Democracy, he said, "is a luxury that might be borne, perhaps, in prosperous periods." He backed Prince Ernst Riidiger von Starhemberg and his fascist Home Guard, bet on Dollfuss and Mussolini to stave off Hitler. In 1937 he saw the handwriting on the wall, deftly transferred his holdings abroad...
...great precedent for the disposal of defeated conquerors had been Napoleon's exile on St. Helena. In the world of 1945, that solution did not appeal to statesmen who pondered the recent career of Benito Mussolini. Shamed and defeated though he was before he fled to haven with the Nazis in northern Italy, he still retained immense standing and kept Fascism alive in millions of Italian hearts...
Died. Marshal Enrico Caviglia, 82, onetime Italian Minister of War (1919), Senator, World War I hero, holdout against Fascism (in 1943 he was rumored plotting with Marshal Badoglio to oust Mussolini); after long illness; in Finale Marina, Italy. When Italy teetered toward war in 1940, he gave Il Duce some sound, unheeded advice: "The European political leader conscious of his responsibilities will not launch his country into a war with a great nation unless he has the power of continuing it until the exhaustion of his adversary...