Word: mussolini
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Cracked Heads. Communist Walter Audisio, who likes to boast that he was Mussolini's executioner, sped to the clerk's table, ripped away a microphone, scared off the clerks and tore up the parliamentary minutes. Spying an elderly Demo-Christian deputy who was grabbing an antique clock to save it, Audisio clubbed him to the floor. Tough Demo-Christian Deputy Giuseppe Bettiol tore the leg off a chair, advanced on Audisio and beat him into retreat...
...When Mussolini seized power in 1922, Orlando supported him, but broke with Il Duce over the Matteotti murder in 1924. After that he abandoned politics, until in 1935 Mussolini's march into Ethiopia stirred Orlando's nationalism. He reappeared briefly in the political spotlight when he wrote Mussolini a fan letter. Otherwise, as he explained grandly: "The profound oblivion . . . descended on my name [is] the rational necessity of a historical situation imposed by destiny." In 1943, in his eighties, he presented himself to war-battered Sicily as a "heroic symbol" of Italian patriotism...
...philosopher ("Man can only know that which he has experienced"), held that philosophy is no more than a method of history. He flirted briefly with Marxism, later with Fascism, quickly rejected both ("to assert that liberty is dead is the same as saying that life is dead"). When Mussolini came to power, Croce retired to Naples, where he waited out the course of Fascism, constantly badgered Mussolini in his magazine La Critica. Il Duce never dared molest "Don Benedetto" (although mention of his name and works were banned from the press) because, as he once remarked: "There...
...Author Malaparte overlooks these facts: 1) in 1938, the Enciclopedia Italiana gave a glowing appraisal of his work (including a collection of poems dedicated to Mussolini); 2) in 1944, after Mussolini's fall, he began writing under the name of "Gianni Strozzi" for the Communist daily L'Unit a, the same year applied for, but was refused, Communist Party membership; 3) Italy's Defense Ministry, whose records show that he served as a liaison officer with Allied Headquarters, flatly denies that he had any part in organizing Italy's Army of Liberation...
Died. Count Charles de Chambrun, 77, U.S.-born great-great-grandson of Lafayette (and thus an honorary U.S. citizen), longtime (1901-36) French career diplomat; of a kidney disease; in Paris. As Ambassador to Rome during the '30s, he became a great friend of Mussolini, tried to keep Italy from joining the Axis. In 1937 he was plunged into a diplomatic scandal when, as he was about to board a train at Paris' Gare du Nord, he was shot in the groin by a French journalist named Madeleine de Fontanges, who claimed that he had ruined her romance...