Word: mussolini
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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After Italy was unified in 1861, Masonry was tolerated for more than half a century. In 1925, however, Benito Mussolini suppressed the organization. After World War II, Masons were again allowed to assemble, although anti-secrecy provisions of the new Italian constitution required that membership lists be made available to authorities upon request. Today even the church's position toward Masonic organizations appears to have mellowed. In March the Vatican newspaper, L'Osservatore Romano, declared that excommunication should apply only to those Catholics who belong to associations that are "truly plotting" against the church...
...veterans are almost always treated badly after a war, even if the brass bands do turn out for a ceremonial welcome home. During the '20s, the windows of the nation's pawnshops were filled with soldiers' medals for heroism from the Great War. Catiline, Hitler and Mussolini constructed their sinister power bases upon the grievances of veterans...
When it comes to smooth efficiency, neither Rome under Mussolini nor Richard Daley's Chicago could outshine modern day Dallas. Potholes are filled within three days; a clogged sewer is usually cleared within 40 minutes; streets, sidewalks, bridges and water and sanitation systems are kept in superb condition. Indeed, the Urban Institute in Washington proclaims that Dallas' management of its public facilities could stand as a model for large cities all over...
...rhetoric (rather than the works of art actually painted by Balla, Severini or Boccioni) bodied forth some of the mythology of Italian Fascism. The futurist ethos expressed by Marinetti before World War I, with its cult of speed, male potency, antifeminism and violent struggle, supplied the oratorical framework for Mussolini's rise to power and set the stage for his appearance. But this may say no more than that the impact of technology on the more febrile nationalist-romantic minds of Italy produced remarkably similar effusions, in art as in politics...
...Actor Rod Steiger, 55, going from the Hasidic rabbi in The Chosen to Benito Mussolini in Lion of the Desert demanded a few changes. First, the Yiddish inflection was traded for an Italian accent. No problem there, since Steiger had played Pope John XXIII in And There Came a Man (1968) and, for that matter, the title role in Mussolini, the Last Act (1974). Next, the full, rabbinical beard had to go. Finally, Steiger's impressively shaggy head had to be shaved. But how closely? Over this hairy point, a heated argument arose between Steiger's makeup...