Word: mussolini
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Winner & Loser. Spain was only partly a "rehearsal" (as the familiar phrase has it) for World War II in which Hitler, Mussolini and Stalin experimented with military and political techniques. Actually, the only important military lesson-that mass civilian bombing does not break, but stiffens the morale of the surviving victims-had to be learned all over again in World War II. The political lessons, reaching well beyond World War II, were far more significant...
...after the Japanese invaded Manchuria in 1931, and during the battle for Shanghai coolly covered both sides: "I'd go in the morning to the Chinese front and then at noon call a taxicab and motor over to the Japanese front." He was at Addis Ababa shortly before Mussolini invaded Ethiopia...
...contemporaneous" with Shylock, since "some of my ancestors were bankers in Florence when Shylock was a banker in Venice." A promising pianist, Castelnuovo-Tedesco studied composition under Ildebrando (Murder in the Cathedral) Pizzetti, built a successful prewar career, but in 1939 his music was banned by Mussolini. He fled with his family to California, where he composed movie scores, taught, and became a U.S. citizen. Although he still lives in Beverly Hills most of the time, he returns to Italy periodically, because "there is not much future in writing opera...
...Turkish despotism only to see it taken over, first by Italy, then by the Soviet Union; of stomach ulcers and a liver ailment; in Paris. "My life is an adventure story," said Zog, a mountain chieftain who rose from Premier to President to King, reigned for eleven years before Mussolini's troops chased him into lifelong exile in 1939. Zog, whose notorious chain-smoking (150 cigarettes a day) came as close to killing him as four assassination attempts, spent his last days in a sparsely furnished French Riviera villa where his Hungarian-American Queen, Geraldine, 44, a countess...
...aristocratic kingmaker is Robert Arthur James Gascoyne-Cecil, 67, fifth Marquess of Salisbury. Lean, bony-faced, speaking with a slight Edwardian lisp, Salisbury has roamed the inner chambers of power for three decades. At his urging, Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden resigned in protest against Chamberlain's appeasement of Mussolini and Hitler. Salisbury was a strong proponent of Eden's ill-fated intervention in Suez. In 1957 Salisbury resigned from Prime Minister Harold Macmillan's government because he thought that Britain had gotten "too soft" in dealing with the rebellion in Cyprus...