Word: mussolini
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...months to work it out, De Gasperi's proposal would give 64% of the seats in the Chamber to any party or coalition which wins more than 50% of the vote. De Gasperi, whose own devotion to minority rights was hardened during his long years in opposition to Mussolini, is reluctantly convinced that democracy can survive in Italy only if the majority gets a chance to govern, free from parliamentary harassment from representatives who are sworn enemies of parliamentary democracy. He fears in particular a cynical coalition of Italy's Communists (the strongest Red party in Western Europe...
Italy's five-year law, which stripped citizenship rights from those who held office under Mussolini, expired last week. Among the 2,000-odd ex-Fascist officials who may now vote and hold public office: former Marshal Rodolfo Graziani; Prince Junio Valeric Borghese, leader of the neo-Fascist M.S.I, group; and Giuseppe Bottai, onetime member of the Great Fascist Council...
Cracked Heads. Communist Walter Audisio, who likes to boast that he was Mussolini's executioner, sped to the clerk's table, ripped away a microphone, scared off the clerks and tore up the parliamentary minutes. Spying an elderly Demo-Christian deputy who was grabbing an antique clock to save it, Audisio clubbed him to the floor. Tough Demo-Christian Deputy Giuseppe Bettiol tore the leg off a chair, advanced on Audisio and beat him into retreat...
...When Mussolini seized power in 1922, Orlando supported him, but broke with Il Duce over the Matteotti murder in 1924. After that he abandoned politics, until in 1935 Mussolini's march into Ethiopia stirred Orlando's nationalism. He reappeared briefly in the political spotlight when he wrote Mussolini a fan letter. Otherwise, as he explained grandly: "The profound oblivion . . . descended on my name [is] the rational necessity of a historical situation imposed by destiny." In 1943, in his eighties, he presented himself to war-battered Sicily as a "heroic symbol" of Italian patriotism...
...philosopher ("Man can only know that which he has experienced"), held that philosophy is no more than a method of history. He flirted briefly with Marxism, later with Fascism, quickly rejected both ("to assert that liberty is dead is the same as saying that life is dead"). When Mussolini came to power, Croce retired to Naples, where he waited out the course of Fascism, constantly badgered Mussolini in his magazine La Critica. Il Duce never dared molest "Don Benedetto" (although mention of his name and works were banned from the press) because, as he once remarked: "There...