Word: musts
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...unbalanced law with the growth of union strength; and the Taft-Hartley Law, passed in an aura of bitterness in 1947, has been unsuccessful in its attempt to cover a multitude of labor-management problems by federal legislation. But the closed shop is a basic labor right, and must be guaranteed by federal statute; equally important is protection against stoppages in industries vital to the national welfare. On other items, a single federal law would be too broad to cover the multitudinous complexities of the labor system, but in these two matters action is a matter of public policy...
...levels of labor. Where the Wagner Act put curbs on management, the 1947 law clamped down on labor alone in this most prized of its privileges. Neither statute deals adequately with the closed shop in its present full-grown state. It is a peculiarity of American labor organization which must rather be protected from union abuses than forbidden by law. If unions are to maintain closed shop, they must preserve open membership as regards race, initiation fees, and dues. But the fact remains that forbidding the closed shop cannot be justified in industries where union hiring halls are necessary...
These two problems must rank highest on the Congressional agenda; but there are several others which have been thrown into chaos by the Taft-Hartley Law. The ban on jurisdictional strikes is justified if only on the grounds that nobody gets anything out of them, and that annual plant elections, while not eliminating these strikes, can at least cut them down. But the prohibition of secondary boycotts is a more complex matter: some of these are justified by the necessity for cohesion in the labor movement, while some wreak unfair harm on an employer who may have nothing...
...requirement that union officers must file non-communist affidavits should be thrown out. It has no part in our framework of labor relations. If a strike is established to be a conspiracy against the government, other laws are sufficient to handle it. Another measure that will need examination is the question of political action by unions: one side argues that such action is an integral part of union policy today, the other that no union member should be required to support a policy he may not agree with...
...Waters. He sent her a number of directives that severely cut into her rehabilitation program. Dwyer complained that new inmates shouldn't be told they are "students" when they enter. That was falsifying their legal status, he said. According to the McDowell Dwyer concept, inmates were prisoners, and must be treated accordingly. That meant no special treatment of special cases (which to Dwyer looked like favoritism) and no liberal graduation of inmates back into society (which looked like dangerous laxity regarding "hardened criminals"). Indenturing, movies, trips--all were forms of therapy which shocked the traditionalists. Several outstanding penologists and social...