Word: musts
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...first means that the patient must not be locked into a system in which he will have a doctor assigned to him. He must have free choice of all the physicians in his area?if he can find...
...There must be no "third party" hiring doctors on salary and then charging patients for their services. For nearly three decades the A.M.A. was almost as strongly opposed to group practice, in which a number of physicians set up shop together and divide the fees collected from all their patients. The A.M.A. feared that this would prove to be a step toward socialized medicine...
...second principle does not mean simply that the doctor must be paid for his services, which is his obvious right. Rather, it means that he must be paid for each individual service, on the basis that U.A.W. President Walter Reuther aptly and contemptuously calls "piecework." It means that no doctor should offer lifetime care to a patient for a flat or annual fee, and thus rules out prepayment by an annual dues system. It means that when a patient goes into a hospital for an operation, he must pay the admitting doctor's bill, a separate surgeon's bill...
...Montefiore Hospital, says that doctors have the consumer over a barrel because they are in such short supply and such great demand. The shortage was sedulously fostered by the A.M.A. for 30 years, beginning in the Great Depression and ending only in 1967, when it conceded that something must be done to increase the medical schools' output. "This shortage," Cherkasky says, "makes it impossible for society to deal with the medical profession. You're at their mercy...
When the idea of voluntary health insurance for the U.S. germinated in the 1930s, the actuaries insisted that whatever was covered must be quantifiable, so that it could be priced. They hit upon hospitalization as a tangible item, and Blue Cross was born. But definitions of hospital costs are so complex that ever since, while it has expanded into 45 states, Blue Cross has been involved in haggles with state insurance departments over rates...